Internal-combustion engine.



No. 845,140. PATENTED EEB. 26, 1907. H. A. STUART.

INTERNALUOMBUSTIO'N ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILED DB0.2.1905.

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PATENTED EEB. 26, 1907.

. A. vSTUART INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

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APPLICATION FILED DEG. 2

UNrrED ISTATES PATENT onirica.A

HERBERT AKROYD STUART, OF PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application tiled December 2,1905. Serial No. 289,989.

To (LH mlm/11, it 71ml/ concern! Be it known that I, HERBERT AKRoYDSTUART, M. l. Mech. E., a subject of the King of Great Britain',residing lat Akroyd Buildings, Melbourne Road, Perth, WesternAustralia,A ustralia, have invented new and usel ful lmprovenients inInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal-combustion orexplosion engines of the kind forming the subject-inatter of BritishLetters latent No. 15,994 of 1890, and has reference more particularl tothe manner in which the combustib e mixture is formed. In engines ofthis class as heretofore. constructed a quantity of air considerably inexcess of that necessary for the proper combustion of the hydrocarbonvapor produced in the vaporizer is drawn into the cylinder.

The object of my invention, is to utilize this air or a large portionthereof for purposes of'coinbustion, so as to obtain a greater iiieanpressure than heretofore, and therefore an increase of power developed.

According to the present/invention a vaporizer and cylinder of similarconstruction to those described in the specification of British LettersPatent No, 15,994 of 189() -are utilized; but instead of injecting thecharge of oil or other fuel into the heated vaporizer only a furthersupply of oil or other fuel is introduced into the cylinder and mixeswith y the air or other gas therein, while a bodyof air is alwaysprovided next or near to the neck of the vaporizer. Inv sonic cases alsowaterA spray or vapor or the like may be mixed with the fuel.

To enable my invention to be fully understood, I will describe the saineby reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is asectional elevation ofso much of an explosion-engine as is necessary toillustrate my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection of the same.

Fig. 4 is a section on sectionof a cylinder. the line 4 4, Fig. 1.

invention. Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6 Fig. 5.

a is the cylinder, and b the vaporizer, which are connected by acontracted neck c in the 4manner described in, the specification.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fig. 5 is a View similar l -to Fig. 4, illustrating a modification ofthe Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

of the said former patent, the said cylinder and the contracted neckbeing Water-j acketed.

d is a pump of any desirable construction which serves for drawingliquid hydrocarbon from a reservoir e and delivering it through a pipe finto the vaporizer b, and g is another ump also drawing from thereservoir e, deiivering through thepipe h and the passage i directlyinto the cylinder, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

7 is a trunk-piston the inner end of which is advantageously recessed,as indicated at lr, so asvto provide a cavity into which the liqiiid'hydrocarbon passing through the passage 'i will enter in aliquid'condition, the vaporization taking placeA during ythe outwardstroke and possibly also during the compressionstroke, the air admittedon the inductionstroke following after the vapor yformed or being formedand serving to isolate the saine from the vapor forinediii the vaporizerb. As shown, the piston y 1s provided internally with webs y', whichextend across the same.

.These webs, however, may be arranged in spirally and is adapted to bemoved longitudinally upon the shaft o for varying the ti irey 'ofoperation of the pump g relatively with the Vpump d.

t is a centrifugal governor driven bythe shafto and working inconjunction with a rod r', having two tap ets or pins cooperating withthe suction-va ves d g of the pumps d and g', respectively, in'such'amanner that when the governor attains a certain speed of rotation thesaid tap )ets will set against the said valves g (1 to depress the sameso that thech arge o f oil, which under ordinary circiinistances wouldbe injected into the vaporizer and cylinder, will be forced back intothe oilreservoir e. The tappct which co crates with the valve g ispreferably made a( justable, as

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shown, to allow of its striking its valve earlier f than the valve d is.struck, so that both charges will not be cut off simultaneously.

In the operation of the enginetheliquid hydroca'rbonis injected into thecylindertlirough thc passage 'i when the piston is at or near the end ofthe instroke, as indicated by dot-anddash lines in Fig. 3. During thenext or suction stroke air which enters through the valve l carries thecylinder charge of vapor forward in the cylinder, so that either pureair or air only slightly diluted with hydrocarbon vapor remains at theback of the cylinder. At the same time a charge of liquid hydrocarbon isinjected into the chamber band vaporized therein. During the nextinstroke the charge in the cylinder and vaporizer is compressed and theheat augmented to such an extent that when the pistonlreaches itsinnermost position a simultaneous or successive automatic ignition takesplace in the cylinder and in the va orizer. The products of combustionare dlscharged through the exhaust-valve-n in the usual manner duringthe fourth stroke of the cycle, when the operation hereinbeforedescribed is re cated.

\ When it is desired to run the engine ight or with light loads, thepump g, supplying the cylinder chiigggis putv out of action, when theengine `will continue to operate with a vaporizer charge only, asdescribed in the specification before referred to. It is sometimes foundadvisable tovary the times of introducing the two charges of fuel, andthis can be eHected by varying the position of the cam g upon the shafto1 Also instead of introducing the hydrocarbon directly into thecylinder it may be introduced into the air-passages .so as to enter withthe air during the first part of the induction-stroke.v In some casesthe vair insteadof being admitted through the valve l in the contractedneck c, as hereinbefore described, ma be introduced through a pecialair-inlet va ve on the side of the cyliner, a further supply beingadmitted toward or at the end of the suction-stroke through the valve Z,thereby insuring that the air at the neck of the vaporizer is pure andat the Y 'same time obtaining a higher degree of compression with thesame cylinder clearance pipe w from a pump upon the engine.

Although in the foregoing description I have referred to the oil asbeing introduced by means ofa pump, it is to be understood that it-maybe introduced by means of compressed air or air-suction or in any othersuitable manner.

Having now particularlyv described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the, same is to be 'performed, l declarethat what I claim is- 1. In an internal-combustion engine providcd witha vaporizer in open communication with the working cylinder lby acontracted neck the provision of means for injecting charges ofhydrocarbonv into the vaporizer and into the cylinder and forintroducing a layer of air between these charges, substantially as, andfor the purpose, described.

2. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, ofa vaporizer communicating with said cylinder but separated therefrom byan open passage, separate means for injecting charges of hydrocarboninto said vaporizer and into said cylinder and means for admittingcharges of air into said-y passage between said vaporizer and saidcylinder, substantially as described.

3. In an lnternal-combustion engine, the

combination witha cylinder, of a vaporizer communicating with saidcylinder but separated therefrom by an open passage, separate means forinjecting charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and into saidcylinder, means for varying the relative time for injecting said chargesof hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and said cylinder and means foradmitting charges of air into said passage between said vaporizer andsaid cylinder, substantially as described.

4. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, ofa reciprocating piston therein, said piston being provided at itsendlwith a recess, of a vaporizer in com- 'munication with saidcylinder'but separated therefrom by an open neck, means for injecting acharge of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer, separate means for injectinga charge of hydrocarbon into said recess-in said piston when near theend of its instroke and means for admitting charges of air into saidneck between said vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially asdescribed.

5. In an internal-combustion engine, the

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combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer vcommunicating with the rearend of said cylinder but separated therefrom by a neck, separate meansfor .injecting charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and into saidcylinder, means for admitting charges ofv air into said neck betweensaid vaporizer and said cylinder and separate means for admittingcharges of air into the rear end of said cylvinder adjacent to the mouthof said neck, substantially' as described.

6. In' an internal-combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer in communication therewith,separate means for injecting charges of air into said vaporizer and intosaid cylinder, means for introducing a layer of air between said chargesin said vaporizer and said cylinder and a-governor adapted toautomatically cut olf said charges of hydrocarbon from said vaporizerand said cylinder, substantially as described.

7. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, ofa vaporizer in communication therewith, separate means for injectingcharges of air into said vaporizer and into said cylinder, means forintroducing `a layer of air between said charges in said vaporizer and.said cylinder, agovernor adapt- .ed to automatically cut off saidcharges of -for regulating the lrelative times for cutting o saidcharges of hydrocarbon from said 15 vaporizer and said cylinder,substantially as described.

HERBERT AKROYD STUART. i

Witnesses JOHN E. BoUssFIELD," C. G. REDFERN.

